Nobel Awards Winners List 2018

List of Nobel Prize winners of the year 2018:

Brief History of the Nobel Prize:

The Nobel Prize is awarded every year by the Nobel Foundation in memory of Swedish scientist Alfred Bernad Nobel. The award was instituted on 27 November 1895 by Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. He had reserved a large part of his wealth in his will for the Nobel Foundation Trust, his wish that the interest of this money be awarded annually to those whose work is found to be most beneficial to mankind. Since then, the Nobel Foundation has given this prize every year for significant contributions in the fields of physiology or medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace, as well as economics, with the interest of the same amount deposited in a Swedish bank. Only living people can be awarded the Nobel Prize.

Amount to be received by the Nobel Laureate:

Nobel Prize winners are awarded a gold medal, diploma and cash amount of about 90 lakh Swedish kronor (about Rs 7.25 crore). Earlier this prize money was up to 80 lakh Swedish kronor (about Rs 6.25 crore), but last year this amount was increased. Know which two people have been nominated for the Nobel Prize 2018 this year. All winners will be honored with the prize in Sweden on 10 December, the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel.

Nobel Prize categories given in various fields for the year 2018:

Medicine Nobel Prize 2018:

The Nobel Foundation announced the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the year 2018 on October 01, 2018. James P Ellison (70) of the US and Tasuku Honjo (76) of Japan have been jointly selected for the 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery of cancer therapy.

American researcher James P. Ellison studied a protein that acts as a barrier to immunity. They realized the ability to remove that barrier and free up immune cells to attack the tumor. His discovery has led to the development of new approaches to the treatment of cancer patients.
Japanese scientist Tasuku Honjo has also discovered a protein, which acts as a barrier for immune cells. He studied from his research that this protein prevents immune cells from reaching cancerous tumors, but the way it works is completely different. The treatment method based on his discovery has achieved unprecedented success in the fight against cancer.

Physics Nobel Prize 2018:

The Nobel Prizes in Chemistry were announced on 02 October 2018. American scientist Arthur Ashkin, French scientist Gerard Mourou and Canadian scientist Donna Strickland will be awarded the Nobel Prize. All three scientists have been selected for this award in the field of laser physics.

American researcher Arthur Ashkin has been honored for inventing the 'optical teaser'. Through 'optical teaser', particles, molecules, viruses and other living cells can be captured through laser beam fingers.
French scientist Gérard Mourou and Canada's Donna Strickland have been honored for developing a way to create ultra-short optical pulses.

For your information, let us tell you that any woman has been selected for this honor after 55 years in the field of physics, while 96-year-old American scientist Ashkin has become the oldest person to get the optical Nobel.

Chemistry Nobel Prize 2018:

The Nobel Prizes in Physics were announced on 03 October 2018. American researcher Francis H. Arnold, American researcher George P. Smith, and Sir Gregory P. Winter of the United Kingdom used the principles of evolution to develop enzymes used to make everything from biofuels to medicine For the year 2018 has been selected for the Nobel Prize in Physics.

USA scientist Francis H. Arnold has been awarded this honor for an invention related to enzymes and pharmaceuticals.
American researcher George P. Smith has been honored for developing the method of phase display.
United Kingdom researcher Sir Gregory P. Winter has been selected for the Nobel Prize for discovering a new drug using the method display developed by George Smith.

Nobel Peace Prize 2018:

The Nobel Peace Prize was announced on 05 October 2018. This year, Dr. Denis Mukwege of the Republic of Congo and Nadia Murad of Iraq have jointly received this honor for their fight against sexual violence.

Doctor Denis Mukwege, a gynecologist from the Republic of the Congo, treated thousands of rape victims, including women, children and even a few months old, in the war-torn eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Iraq's Yazidi rape victim Nadia Murad was abducted by Islamic State (IS) terrorists in 2014 and kept as a sex slave for three months.

Why is the Peace Prize given?

The Nobel Peace Prize is given to a person or organization who promotes brotherhood between two countries or does the best work for the society, which gives new life to the people.

Economics Nobel Prize 2018:

The Nobel Prize in Economics was announced on 8 October 2018. This year two American economists William de Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer have been jointly selected for the 2018 Nobel Prize in Economics for their discoveries on economic growth.

William de Nordhaus is called the father of climate change economics. He has been awarded the Nobel Prize for the Integration of Climate Change in Macroeconomic Analysis.
Paul M. Roemer has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Technology for New Innovations in Macroeconomic Analysis.

Literature Nobel Prize 2018:

No person has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature this year. The Swedish Academy has been embroiled in controversy because the husband of a member of the Swedish Academy jury has been accused of sexual abuse. The Academy has said that it will announce the winners of the year 2018 along with the winner of the year 2019.