Brief History of the Nobel Prize:

The Nobel Prize is awarded every year by the Nobel Foundation in memory of Swedish scientist Alfred Bernad Nobel. The award was instituted on 27 November 1895 by Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. He had reserved a large part of his wealth in his will for the Nobel Foundation Trust, his wish that the interest of this money be awarded annually to those whose work is found to be most beneficial to mankind.

Since then, the Nobel Foundation has given this prize every year for significant contributions in the fields of physiology or medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace, as well as economics, with the interest of the same amount deposited in a Swedish bank. Only living people can be awarded the Nobel Prize.

Amount to be received by Nobel Laureate:

Nobel laureates are presented with a gold medal, diploma and a cash amount of about 9 million Swedish kronor (about Rs 7.25 crore). Earlier this prize money was up to 80 lakh Swedish kronor (about Rs 6.25 crore), but last year this amount was increased. All winners will be honored with the prize in Sweden on 10 December, the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel.

Nobel Prize categories given in various fields for the year 2019:

Physics Nobel Prize 2019:

The Nobel Prizes for Physics Nobel were announced on 08 October 2019. Physics Nobel Prize 2019 will be divided jointly with one half (1/2) James Peebles, the other half (1/4) Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz jointly:-

  • James Peebles:

    Philip James Edwin Peebles is a Canadian-American astrophysicist, astronomer and theoretical cosmologist, currently the Albert Einstein Professor Emeritus of Science at Princeton University. He is considered one of the world's leading theoretical cosmologists in this period since the 1970s, with his major theoretical contributions to primordial nucleosynthesis, dark matter, the cosmic microwave background, and structure formation. Born in 1935 in Winnipeg, Canada, James Peebles has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology".
  • Michel Mayer:

    His full name is Michel Gustave Ardouyard Mayer. And he was born in the year 1942 in Lausanne, Switzerland, followed by a Ph.D. from the University of Geneva, Switzerland in the year 1995. degree obtained. And after that he worked as a professor at the University of Geneva, Switzerland and is currently working as a professor at the University of Cambridge, UK. Michel Mayer has been awarded the Physics Nobel Prize 2019 for "discovering an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star" in the year 2019.
  • Didier Queloz: Born on 23 February 1966 in Switzerland, Didier Queloz is a Swiss astronomer. He is a professor at the University of Cambridge, where he is a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, as well as a professor at the University of Geneva. In 1995, together with Michel Mayor, he discovered 51 Pegasi b, the first extrasolar planet orbiting a Sun-like star, 51 Pegasi. He shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics with James Peebles and Michelle Meyer for this discovery.

Chemistry Nobel Prize 2019:

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was announced on 09 October 2019. The award is divided jointly (1/3) into portions consisting of John Bannister Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino:-

  • John Bannister Goodenough:

    John Bannister Goodenough is an American scientist and solid physicist. He was born in the year 1922 in Jena (University city of Germany), Germany. He has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in Chemistry "for the development of the lithium-ion battery", he is currently at the University of Texas at Austin. He is working as Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science. He is widely credited for the identification and development of the lithium-ion battery.
  • M. Stanley Whittingham:

    Michael Stanley Whittingham is a British-American chemist. She was born on 22 December 1941, in the United Kingdom. He is currently Professor of Chemistry at both the Institute for Materials Research and the Materials Science and Engineering Program at Binghamton University, State University of New York. He has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 "for the development of the lithium-ion battery".
  • Akira Yoshino:

    Akira Yoshino is a Japanese chemist. He was born on 30 January 1948, in the city of Suita, Japan. He is currently a fellow of Asahi Kaisei Corporation and a professor at Meijo University in Nagoya. He created the first safe, production-viable lithium-ion battery that was widely used in cellular phones and notebook computers. Yoshino was awarded in the year 2019 "for the development of lithium-ion" by M. Stanley Wingham and John B. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 has been awarded along with Goodenough.

Medicine Nobel Prize 2019:

Medicine Nobel Prize 2019 was announced on 07 October 2019 The prize is divided into joint (1/3) part, with William G. Kellin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Greg L. Senza Contains:-

    William G. Kaelin Jr.: This is an American professor of medicine at Harvard University and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. His laboratory studies tumor suppressor proteins. Kalin is the 2016 recipient of the Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. She has also won the 2016 Esko Science Oncology Award and the 2016 AACR Princess Takamatsu Award. William in the year 2019 "for his discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to the availability of oxygen." The Nobel Prize in Medicine for 2019 has been awarded.
  • Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe:
    This is a British physician-scientist, better known as a nephrologist. He was Professor of Clinical Medicine and Head of the Newfield Department of Clinical Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford from 2004 to 2016. In 2016 he became Director of Clinical Research at the Francis Crick Institute. Peter in the year 2019 for his discoveries of "how cells sense and adapt to the availability of oxygen." For this he has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.
  • Greg L. Senza:
    Greg Leonard Senza is an American professor of pediatrics, radiation oncology, organic chemistry, medicine, and oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He serves as the Director of the Vascular Program at the Institute of Cell Engineering. He is the recipient of the 2016 Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. He is best known for the discovery of HIF-1, which allows cancer cells to adapt to oxygen-poor environments. He called William G. Kellin Jr. and Peter J. Along with Ratcliffe, the 2019 Nobel Prize in Medicine has been awarded for "the discovery of cells adapting to the availability and availability of oxygen".

Literature Nobel Prize 2019:

This year Peter Handke has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature for "an impressive work that explored the periphery and uniqueness of human experience with linguistic ingenuity". Peter is an Austrian novelist, playwright, translator, poet, film director and screenwriter.

In the late 1960s, he was recognized for works such as the play Publicamsschampfung (Offending the audience) and the novel Die angst des Tormans beam elfmeter (The Goa'uld's antifulness at the penalty kick). Inspired by her mother's suicide in 1971, she reflected on her life in the novel Wünschloss Unglock (A Sorrow Beyond Dreams). Handke has received several awards, including the 1973 Georg Buchner Prize and the 2018 Austrian Nestroy Theater Award for Lifetime Achievement.

Peace Nobel Prize 2019:

The Nobel Peace Prize announcement was made on 11 October 2019 in which Abiy Ahmed Ali Oromo was awarded this year "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular the regional standoff between neighboring Eritrea after 20 years of war." The Nobel Peace Prize 2019 has been awarded for ending the Abiy Ahmed is an Ethiopian politician serving as the fourth Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia since 2 April 2018.

He is the chairman of both the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) and the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Abi is an elected member of the Ethiopian Parliament and a member of the ODP and EPRDF executive committees. A former military intelligence officer, Abiy has launched an elaborate program of political and economic reforms since becoming prime minister and worked on peace deals in Eritrea, South Sudan, and a transition agreement in the Republic of Sudan.

Economics Nobel Prize 2019:

The Nobel Prize in Economics was announced on 14 October 2019. The award is jointly divided into (1/3) portions comprising Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer:-

  • Abhijit Banerjee:
    Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee is an Indian-American economist who is currently the Ford Foundation Professor of International Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Banerjee has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economics this year "for her experimental approach to alleviating global poverty." Banerjee Abdul Latif Jameel, co-founder of the Poverty Action Lab (along with economists Esther Duflo and Senthil Mullainathan). He is a member of the Innovation for Poverty Action, and the Consortium on Financial Systems and Poverty.
  • Esther Duflo:
    Esther Duflo is a French-American economist, Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is the co-founder and co-director of Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab which was established in 2003. With which he was awarded in the year 2019 "for his experimental approach to alleviating global poverty." Economics Nobel Prize 2019 has been awarded.
  • Michael Kramer:
    Michael Robert Kramer is an American development economist who is the Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University. In 2019 he was jointly awarded a degree in economics "for his experimental approach to alleviating global poverty." The Nobel Memorial Prize has been awarded.

For your information, let us tell you that Abhijit Banerjee along with his wife Esther Duflo is the sixth married couple to jointly win the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Read also:

  Last update :  Thu 15 Sep 2022
  Post Views :  4156
  Post Category :  Nobel Prizes