Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): History, Programs and Centers list

Indian Space Research Organisation's history, objectives and major centres: The Indian Space Program is the concept of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who has been called the father of the Indian Space Program. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was the first chairman of ISRO. He became known as a scientific visionary and a national hero. In its present form, the command of this program is in the hands of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). G Madhavan Nair is the current chairman of ISRO.

History of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO): The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is the National Space Institute of India with its headquarters in Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka state. The Indian Space Research Organization was established in 1969. With the formation of 'Space Commission' and 'Department of Space' by the Government of India in 1972, space research activities gained additional momentum.

ISRO was placed under the control of the Department of Space. About 17,000 employees and scientists are working in the institute.The main task of the institute is to provide space related technology to India. The main objectives of the space program include the development of satellites, launch vehicles, sounding rockets and ground systems.

Objectives of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO):

• The objective of ISRO is the development of space technology and its applications for various national tasks.
• ISRO has established two major space systems- (1) INSAT for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services. (2) Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) for resource monitoring and management.
• ISRO has developed two satellite launch vehicles, PSLV and GSLV, to place INSAT and IRS satellites in the required orbit.
• Accordingly, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has developed two major satellite systems, namely the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) for communication services and the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) for natural resource management, as well as the launch of IRS type satellites. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type satellites have been successfully operationalised.

Major centers of ISRO:

Space Technology in India:

• The space program in India began in 1962 with the formation of the Indian Space Research Organization.
• The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was established in 1969.
• Antrix (established in 1982) is the commercial arm of ISRO, the central agency responsible for marketing India's space capabilities.
• With the formation of the Space Commission and the Department of Space in the year 1972, the research work gained momentum.
• On 19 April 1975, India became the 11th country in the world by launching India's first satellite "Aryabhatta".
• The Bhaskar-1 satellite was launched by India in 1979 for "Survey of the Earth".
• The basic objectives of satellite launch are 1) To develop remote sensing 2) To make communication system accessible to the general public.
• The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) is a multipurpose and multipurpose satellite system primarily used for domestic telecommunication, weather information, radio, and television broadcasting.
• INSAT-1A, the first satellite of the INSAT series, was launched in April 1982 by the Delta vehicle of America.
• On April 1984, the first person to go to the moon from India was "Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma".
• Launch vehicles are used to place satellites in a fixed orbit. The first SLV-3 launch vehicle was developed in India, through which the Rohini satellite was launched in the year 1980. Presently different versions of GSLV and PSLV launch vehicles are in operation.
• Cryogenic Engines: Engines that use propellant (fuel) stored at ultra-low temperatures are called cryogenic engines. The first indigenously developed cryogenic engine was tested in February 2002.
• Remote Sensing Techniques: A systematic group of scientific approaches in which reliable geographical information on the Earth's surface and inside the surface is collected by radiation techniques without touching any object.
• MATSAT (Kalpana-1): MATSAT (Kalpana-1) satellite was launched by PSLVC-4 vehicle in the year 2002 for weather observation.
• ResourceSat-1: ResourceSat satellite launched in the field of remote sensing by PSLVC5 spacecraft.
• EDUSAT: Launched on January 2004 by GSLV vehicle, this satellite promoted educational development.
• Cartosat: Launched by PSLV-C6 in May 2005, the main objective of this satellite was to generate maps from remote sensing images.
• Chandrayaan-1: Launched by PSLV:C11 in October 2008, this satellite strengthened the possibilities of future on the surface of the moon.
• Oceansat: Launched in September 2009, this satellite was launched for ocean research.
• Chandrayaan was successfully launched on 22 October 2006.
• Aditya-L1 is a spacecraft whose mission is to study the Sun. It was conceptualized by the Advisory Committee for Space Research in January 2008. It will be designed and built in collaboration between the Indian Space Research Organization and various Indian research organizations. It will be launched by ISRO around 2019-
• 2020. It will be the first Indian space mission to study the Sun.
• Mangalyaan was successfully launched on 5 November 2013.

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