Haiti History, Geography, Economy and Important Events

In the midst of the French Revolution (1789–99), slaves and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and the first black commander of the French army, Toussaint Louisure. After 12 years of conflict, Napoleon Bonaparte's armies were defeated by Louisvert's successor, Jean-Jacques Dassalin (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804 — Latin America's first independent nation and the Caribbean Second Republic. America became the first country to end slavery, and the only country in history established by a successful slave revolt. All of Haiti's former leaders were slaves, except for Alexandre Peption, the first president of the Republic of the country. After a brief period in which the country was divided into two parts, President Jean-Pierre Boer unified the country and then attempted to bring the entire Hypapenola under Haitian control, a long series of wars that ended in 1870 Starting when Haiti formally gained independence from the Dominican Republic

Haiti forms the western three-eighths of Hisanciola, the second largest island in the Greater Antilles. 27,750 sq km is the third largest country in the Caribbean, behind Cuba and the Dominican Republic in Haiti, which joins 360 kilometers (224 mi) of border with Haiti. The northern region consists of the Massif du Nord (northern mass) and the Plain du Nord (northern plain). The Massif du Nord is an extension of the Cordillera Central in the Dominican Republic. It begins north of the Guamauk River, on the eastern border of Haiti, and extends northwest through the northern peninsula. The Terai region of the Plain du Nord lies between the Massif du Nord and the North Atlantic Ocean, along the northern border with the Dominican Republic.

Haiti has a predominantly free market economy, with GDP of $ 19.97 billion and GDP per capita of $ 1,800 (2017 estimate). The country uses the Haitian gourd as its currency. Despite its tourism industry, Haiti is one of the poorest countries in America, with poverty, corruption, political instability, poor infrastructure, lack of health care and lack of education cited as the main reasons. Unemployment is high and many Haitians want to evacuate. Following the 2010 earthquake and the subsequent trade with cholera, there was a small decline, with the country's purchasing power parity GDP falling by 8% (US $ 12.15 billion to US $ 11.18 billion). Haiti was ranked 145 out of 182 countries in the 2010 United Nations Human Development Index, with 57.3% of the population being deprived of at least three measures of HDI.

The two official languages ​​of Haiti are French and Haitian Creole. French is the predominant and administratively authorized language (as well as the main language of the press) and is spoken by 42% of Haitian. It is spoken by all educated Haitian, is the medium of instruction in most schools, and is used in the commercial sector. It is also used in ceremonies such as weddings, bachelors and church Masses. Haiti is one of two independent countries in the US (along with Canada) to designate French as an official language; Other French-speaking regions are all of France's foreign settlement, or collection centers.

Bahamas [M] , Colombia [M] , Cuba [M] , Dominican Republic [LM] , Jamaica [M] , United Kingdom [M] , United States of America [M] ,
Definition of international border: L = Land Border | M = Maritime Border